Key Insights
The European jackup rigs market, exhibiting a robust CAGR exceeding 6.10%, presents a compelling investment landscape. Driven by increasing offshore oil and gas exploration activities, particularly in the North Sea, and a growing demand for well intervention and decommissioning services, the market is projected to experience significant growth through 2033. The market segmentation reveals a diverse landscape, with the shallow water segment currently dominating due to established infrastructure and relatively lower operational costs. However, as technology advances and energy demands rise, the deep and ultra-deep water segments are poised for substantial expansion. Large-sized jackup rigs are expected to maintain a significant market share, reflecting the preference for rigs with greater capacity and operational efficiency. Key players such as Borr Drilling, Noble Corporation, and Maersk Drilling are strategically positioning themselves to capitalize on these opportunities, investing in advanced technologies and expanding their fleet. The UK, Germany, and Norway are expected to be leading contributors to the European market’s growth, driven by their significant offshore energy sectors and supportive regulatory environments.
Despite the positive outlook, the market faces certain challenges. Fluctuations in oil and gas prices represent a significant restraint, impacting investment decisions and operational budgets. Stringent environmental regulations, aimed at minimizing the industry's ecological footprint, are also influencing operational strategies and investment in environmentally friendly technologies. Nevertheless, the industry's ongoing adaptation to these challenges, coupled with the increasing focus on energy security and the transition towards cleaner energy sources, creates a dynamic and promising environment for continued growth within the European jackup rigs market. The projected market size for 2025 serves as a strong base for forecasting future growth, considering the identified growth drivers and potential restraints.

Europe Jackup Rigs Industry: Market Report 2019-2033
This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the Europe Jackup Rigs industry, covering market dynamics, key segments, leading players, and future growth prospects. The study period spans from 2019 to 2033, with 2025 as the base and estimated year. The forecast period extends from 2025 to 2033, encompassing historical data from 2019-2024. This report is crucial for industry stakeholders, investors, and strategic decision-makers seeking actionable insights into this dynamic market.
Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Market Concentration & Dynamics
The European jackup rigs market exhibits a moderately concentrated structure, with a few major players holding significant market share. Market share distribution amongst the top five players is estimated at xx%, reflecting a competitive landscape. Innovation within the industry is driven by advancements in drilling technologies, automation, and enhanced safety measures. The regulatory framework, particularly concerning environmental protection and operational safety, significantly influences market activities. Substitute products, such as floating rigs, pose some competitive pressure, although jackup rigs maintain dominance in shallow-water operations. End-user trends favor efficient, cost-effective rigs, while M&A activities remain moderately active, with approximately xx deals recorded between 2019 and 2024. This demonstrates a strategic shift towards consolidation within the sector.
- Market Share: Top 5 players hold approximately xx%.
- M&A Deals (2019-2024): Approximately xx.
- Key Regulatory Factors: Environmental regulations, operational safety standards.
- Substitute Products: Floating rigs.
Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Industry Insights & Trends
The European jackup rigs market is projected to experience a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period (2025-2033), driven by rising offshore oil and gas exploration and production activities. The market size in 2025 is estimated at USD xx Million and is anticipated to reach USD xx Million by 2033. Technological advancements, particularly in automation and data analytics, are enhancing operational efficiency and reducing costs. A shift towards more sustainable drilling practices, alongside growing demand for well intervention and decommissioning services, further shapes market trends. Increased investment in renewable energy projects also presents an avenue for growth through the exploration of offshore wind farms. Fluctuations in oil prices and geopolitical factors remain key considerations influencing market growth.

Key Markets & Segments Leading Europe Jackup Rigs Industry
The North Sea region, encompassing the UK and Norway, dominates the European jackup rigs market. Within the UK and Norwegian sectors, high demand for exploration and production activities fuels growth. The following factors contribute to the dominance of specific segments:
By Size:
- Large Jackup Rigs: Dominate due to their capacity for deepwater operations and higher drilling efficiency.
- Medium Jackup Rigs: Maintain strong market presence due to versatility and cost-effectiveness.
- Small Jackup Rigs: Primarily used for specific niche applications, including shallow water projects and well intervention.
By Water Depth:
- Shallow Water: The largest segment, driven by extensive shallow water oil and gas reserves in the North Sea.
- Deep Water: Growing segment fueled by technological advancements enabling deeper water operations.
- Ultra-Deep Water: Smaller segment, limited by the operational capabilities of jackup rigs in this water depth.
By Application:
Development Drilling: Significant driver, as it comprises a bulk of offshore operations.
Exploration Drilling: Essential in discovering new reserves, leading to continued demand.
Well Intervention: Growing segment, reflecting increased emphasis on well maintenance and optimization.
Decommissioning: Expected increase due to aging infrastructure and environmental regulations.
Drivers for North Sea Dominance: Abundant reserves, established infrastructure, government support for offshore energy projects.
Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Product Developments
Recent product innovations focus on enhancing efficiency, safety, and environmental performance. This includes advanced automation systems, improved drilling technologies, and enhanced emission control systems. These advancements are key to improving competitiveness by reducing operational costs and enhancing operational efficiency. The development of rigs specifically designed for well intervention and decommissioning activities also reflects evolving market needs.
Challenges in the Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Market
The industry faces challenges including stringent environmental regulations increasing operational costs, fluctuations in oil and gas prices affecting demand, and intense competition from other rig types. Supply chain disruptions and the availability of skilled labor also represent significant hurdles. These factors collectively impact profitability and project timelines.
Forces Driving Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Growth
Several key factors propel market growth: increasing global energy demand, renewed investment in offshore oil and gas exploration and production, government incentives to support energy security, and technological advancements that improve efficiency and reduce operational costs. Specifically, rising demand for well intervention services and decommissioning contributes to continued growth.
Long-Term Growth Catalysts in the Europe Jackup Rigs Industry
Long-term growth will be driven by innovations in drilling technologies, strategic partnerships between rig owners and energy companies, and market expansion into new geographical areas. Furthermore, the exploration of new energy resources, such as offshore wind farms, opens up promising avenues for future growth.
Emerging Opportunities in Europe Jackup Rigs Industry
Emerging opportunities lie in the growing demand for well intervention services, decommissioning, and the potential application of jackup rigs in offshore renewable energy projects. The development of specialized rigs catering to these niche applications presents lucrative avenues for growth.
Leading Players in the Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Sector
- Borr Drilling Ltd
- Noble Corporation PLC
- KCA DEUTAG Drilling Ltd
- Saipem SpA
- Seadrill Ltd
- Nabors Industries Ltd
- Valaris PLC
- Maersk Drilling AS
Key Milestones in Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Industry
- January 2022: Maersk Drilling secured a contract from TotalEnergies for well intervention services using the Maersk Reacher in the Danish North Sea. This highlights the growing demand for well intervention services.
- December 2022: Noble Corp. was awarded a USD 50 Million contract by BP for drilling and plugging & abandonment services in the UK North Sea. This underscores the continued activity in the North Sea region.
Strategic Outlook for Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Market
The European jackup rigs market presents significant growth potential driven by sustained energy demand, technological advancements, and increasing offshore activities. Strategic partnerships, technological innovation, and a focus on operational efficiency will be key to capturing this growth. The market's long-term outlook is positive, driven by these factors and the increasing demand for sustainable and cost-effective drilling solutions.
Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Segmentation
- 1. Production Analysis
- 2. Consumption Analysis
- 3. Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 4. Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 5. Price Trend Analysis
Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Segmentation By Geography
- 1. United Kingdom
- 2. Russia
- 3. Norway
- 4. Netherlands
- 5. Rest of Europe

Europe Jackup Rigs Industry REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of > 6.10% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. 4.; Rising Demand for Increaing Refinening Capacity4.; Increasing Investment in Downstream Sector
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. 4.; Fluctuating Price of Crude Oil May Impede the Development of the Downstream Sector
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Upcoming Offshore Oil and Gas Activities to Drive the Market
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Analysis
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Consumption Analysis
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 5.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Price Trend Analysis
- 5.6. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.6.1. United Kingdom
- 5.6.2. Russia
- 5.6.3. Norway
- 5.6.4. Netherlands
- 5.6.5. Rest of Europe
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Analysis
- 6. United Kingdom Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Analysis
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Consumption Analysis
- 6.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 6.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 6.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Price Trend Analysis
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Analysis
- 7. Russia Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Analysis
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Consumption Analysis
- 7.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 7.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 7.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Price Trend Analysis
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Analysis
- 8. Norway Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Analysis
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Consumption Analysis
- 8.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 8.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 8.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Price Trend Analysis
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Analysis
- 9. Netherlands Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Analysis
- 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Consumption Analysis
- 9.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 9.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 9.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Price Trend Analysis
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Analysis
- 10. Rest of Europe Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Analysis
- 10.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Consumption Analysis
- 10.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 10.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume)
- 10.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Price Trend Analysis
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Analysis
- 11. Germany Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12. France Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13. Italy Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 14. United Kingdom Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 15. Netherlands Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 16. Sweden Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 17. Rest of Europe Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 18. Competitive Analysis
- 18.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 18.2. Company Profiles
- 18.2.1 Borr Drilling Ltd
- 18.2.1.1. Overview
- 18.2.1.2. Products
- 18.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 18.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 18.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 18.2.2 Noble Corporation PLC
- 18.2.2.1. Overview
- 18.2.2.2. Products
- 18.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 18.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 18.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 18.2.3 KCA DEUTAG Drilling Ltd
- 18.2.3.1. Overview
- 18.2.3.2. Products
- 18.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 18.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 18.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 18.2.4 Saipem SpA
- 18.2.4.1. Overview
- 18.2.4.2. Products
- 18.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 18.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 18.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 18.2.5 Seadrill Ltd
- 18.2.5.1. Overview
- 18.2.5.2. Products
- 18.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 18.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 18.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 18.2.6 Nabors Industries Ltd
- 18.2.6.1. Overview
- 18.2.6.2. Products
- 18.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 18.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 18.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 18.2.7 Valaris PLC
- 18.2.7.1. Overview
- 18.2.7.2. Products
- 18.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 18.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 18.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 18.2.8 Maersk Drilling AS
- 18.2.8.1. Overview
- 18.2.8.2. Products
- 18.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 18.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 18.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 18.2.1 Borr Drilling Ltd
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Production Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Consumption Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume) 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume) 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Price Trend Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Germany Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: France Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Italy Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: United Kingdom Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Netherlands Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Sweden Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Rest of Europe Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Production Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Consumption Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume) 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume) 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Price Trend Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Production Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Consumption Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume) 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume) 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Price Trend Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Production Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Consumption Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume) 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume) 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Price Trend Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Production Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Consumption Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume) 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume) 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Price Trend Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Production Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Consumption Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume) 2019 & 2032
- Table 43: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume) 2019 & 2032
- Table 44: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Price Trend Analysis 2019 & 2032
- Table 45: Europe Jackup Rigs Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Europe Jackup Rigs Industry?
The projected CAGR is approximately > 6.10%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Europe Jackup Rigs Industry?
Key companies in the market include Borr Drilling Ltd, Noble Corporation PLC, KCA DEUTAG Drilling Ltd, Saipem SpA, Seadrill Ltd, Nabors Industries Ltd, Valaris PLC, Maersk Drilling AS.
3. What are the main segments of the Europe Jackup Rigs Industry?
The market segments include Production Analysis, Consumption Analysis, Import Market Analysis (Value & Volume), Export Market Analysis (Value & Volume), Price Trend Analysis.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
4.; Rising Demand for Increaing Refinening Capacity4.; Increasing Investment in Downstream Sector.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Upcoming Offshore Oil and Gas Activities to Drive the Market.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
4.; Fluctuating Price of Crude Oil May Impede the Development of the Downstream Sector.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
January 2022: Maersk Drilling was awarded a contract by TotalEnergies to employ the high-efficiency jack-up Maersk Reacher for well intervention services in the Danish North Sea.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Europe Jackup Rigs Industry," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Europe Jackup Rigs Industry report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Europe Jackup Rigs Industry?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Europe Jackup Rigs Industry, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence