Key Insights
The South American meal replacement market, valued at $25.02 million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by increasing health consciousness, busy lifestyles, and a rising prevalence of obesity and related health issues across the region. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.11% from 2025 to 2033 indicates a steady expansion, with significant potential for further growth. Key drivers include the increasing popularity of convenient and nutritious meal replacement options, growing awareness of the benefits of weight management, and the rising adoption of online channels for purchasing these products. The ready-to-drink segment is likely to dominate the market due to its convenience, while the powdered supplements segment is expected to show strong growth fueled by cost-effectiveness and versatility. Brazil and Argentina represent the largest markets within South America, driven by high population density and increasing disposable incomes. However, challenges such as fluctuating economic conditions, particularly in some parts of South America, and the potential for negative consumer perceptions regarding artificial ingredients could hinder market expansion. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established international players and emerging local brands, leading to increasing product innovation and diversification. Strategic partnerships and product differentiation will be crucial for companies seeking to gain a competitive edge in this dynamic market.
The market segmentation highlights opportunities for targeted marketing and product development. Supermarkets and hypermarkets currently hold a significant share of the distribution channel, although online stores are anticipated to show substantial growth fueled by rising e-commerce penetration and changing consumer shopping habits. The diverse range of product types, including ready-to-drink options, nutritional bars, and powdered supplements, caters to varying consumer preferences and dietary needs. Future growth will likely depend on the successful development of innovative products that address specific consumer demands, like organic, plant-based, or functional meal replacements. The continuous expansion of the middle class in major South American economies will further fuel demand for premium and convenient meal replacement options. Companies focusing on building strong brand trust and engaging effectively with consumers via digital channels are poised for success.

South America Meal Replacement Products Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This insightful report provides a detailed analysis of the South America Meal Replacement Products Market, offering valuable insights for industry stakeholders, investors, and strategic decision-makers. Covering the period 2019-2033, with a base year of 2025 and a forecast period of 2025-2033, this study unravels the market's dynamics, trends, and future potential. The report meticulously examines key segments, including Ready-to-Drink Products, Nutritional Bars, and Powdered Supplements, across various distribution channels such as Supermarkets/Hypermarkets, Online Stores, and Specialty Stores. The analysis incorporates data on market size (in Millions), CAGR, market share, and M&A activity, providing a 360-degree view of this rapidly evolving market. Key players like Herbalife Nutrition, Glanbia PLC, Alpina SA, and others are profiled, highlighting their strategies and market positioning.
South America Meal Replacement Products Market Concentration & Dynamics
The South America meal replacement market exhibits a moderately concentrated landscape, with a few major players holding significant market share. However, the presence of numerous smaller, regional players indicates a dynamic competitive environment. Market concentration is influenced by factors such as brand recognition, distribution network strength, and product innovation. The market witnesses consistent M&A activity, with approximately xx deals recorded between 2019 and 2024, primarily driven by consolidation efforts and expansion strategies of larger players. Innovation is largely focused on enhancing product functionality (e.g., increased protein content, improved taste profiles), incorporating natural and organic ingredients, and developing convenient formats. The regulatory framework governing food and beverage products significantly impacts market dynamics, particularly concerning labeling, ingredient regulations, and health claims. Consumer trends toward health and wellness, coupled with increasing awareness of the benefits of meal replacement products, are driving market growth. Substitute products, such as traditional meal options and other nutritional supplements, exert competitive pressure, necessitating continuous product innovation.
South America Meal Replacement Products Market Industry Insights & Trends
The South America meal replacement products market is experiencing substantial growth, with the market size estimated at xx Million in 2025 and projected to reach xx Million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of xx%. This growth is propelled by several key factors, including rising health consciousness among consumers, increasing prevalence of sedentary lifestyles, growing demand for convenient and nutritious food options, and a rising disposable income in several South American countries. Technological advancements, such as the development of innovative product formulations and packaging, further contribute to market expansion. Evolving consumer behaviors, including a preference for natural and organic ingredients, personalized nutrition, and online purchasing, are reshaping the market landscape. The market also witnesses a growing demand for functional meal replacement products fortified with vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial nutrients catering to specific health needs. Moreover, rising urbanization and changing dietary habits in major cities across South America are fueling the market's expansion.

Key Markets & Segments Leading South America Meal Replacement Products Market
Dominant Region/Country: Brazil is the leading market within South America, accounting for approximately xx% of the total market share in 2025, driven by its large population, robust economy, and growing health and wellness awareness. Other key markets include Colombia, Argentina, and Mexico.
Dominant Distribution Channel: Supermarkets/Hypermarkets hold the largest market share among distribution channels, providing wide accessibility and established distribution networks. However, online stores are witnessing significant growth, driven by the increasing adoption of e-commerce and convenience-seeking consumer behavior.
Dominant Product Type: Powdered supplements constitute the largest segment by product type, driven by affordability, ease of storage, and extensive product variety. Ready-to-drink products also demonstrate high growth potential, driven by convenience and on-the-go consumption patterns.
Drivers for Growth in Key Segments:
- Economic growth: Rising disposable incomes in several South American countries are contributing to increased consumer spending on health and wellness products.
- Infrastructure Development: Improvements in retail infrastructure, particularly in e-commerce logistics, facilitate broader product distribution.
- Technological Advancements: Product innovations, such as advanced formulation techniques and packaging improvements, enhance product quality and appeal.
- Health Consciousness: Rising awareness of health and wellness among South American consumers is fostering the adoption of meal replacement products.
South America Meal Replacement Products Market Product Developments
Recent product innovations focus on enhancing taste, texture, and nutritional profiles of meal replacement products. There's a rising trend toward incorporating natural and organic ingredients, reducing artificial additives, and enhancing protein content. Advancements in packaging technologies, such as shelf-stable pouches and convenient single-serving formats, are enhancing product accessibility and consumer experience. Companies are exploring personalized nutrition solutions, offering customized meal replacement plans based on individual dietary needs and preferences. These developments contribute to improved product appeal and brand differentiation in a competitive market.
Challenges in the South America Meal Replacement Products Market Market
The South America meal replacement market faces several challenges, including:
- Regulatory hurdles: Varying regulations across different countries in South America pose complexities for manufacturers, impacting product labeling, ingredient approvals, and marketing claims.
- Supply chain issues: Infrastructure limitations and logistical complexities can affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of supply chains, especially for smaller players.
- Competitive pressures: The market is increasingly competitive, with both established international and emerging local players vying for market share. This competition necessitates continuous product innovation and cost optimization.
- Consumer perception: Misconceptions regarding the safety and effectiveness of meal replacement products can hinder market penetration. Addressing these concerns through education and transparent communication is crucial.
Forces Driving South America Meal Replacement Products Market Growth
The South America meal replacement market growth is fueled by rising health consciousness among consumers, a shift towards convenient food options, and technological advancements in product formulations. Economic growth in several South American countries contributes to increasing disposable incomes, enabling consumers to purchase premium and specialized meal replacement products. The rising prevalence of chronic diseases also drives demand for nutritional supplements and meal replacements. Government initiatives promoting healthy lifestyles further stimulate market growth.
Long-Term Growth Catalysts in South America Meal Replacement Products Market
Long-term growth hinges on sustained innovation in product formulation and packaging, strategic partnerships to expand distribution networks, and market entry into underserved regions. Personalized nutrition solutions, coupled with digital marketing strategies, present significant opportunities. Expansion into adjacent market segments, such as weight management and sports nutrition, can also fuel long-term growth. Growing focus on sustainability in manufacturing and packaging will resonate with ethically-conscious consumers.
Emerging Opportunities in South America Meal Replacement Products Market
The growing demand for functional foods and personalized nutrition presents significant market opportunities. The expansion of e-commerce platforms creates new avenues for distribution. Catering to niche consumer segments, such as athletes, elderly populations, and individuals with specific dietary restrictions, can create high-growth market niches. The rising popularity of plant-based meal replacements offers potential for growth within the sustainable consumer segment.
Leading Players in the South America Meal Replacement Products Market Sector
- Herbalife Nutrition
- Glanbia PLC
- Alpina SA
- Bob's Red Mill Natural Foods
- biO2 Organic Comercio de Alimentos Ltda
- Probiotica Supplements
- Quest Nutrition LLC
- Amway GmbH
Key Milestones in South America Meal Replacement Products Market Industry
- 2020: Increased focus on e-commerce channels by major players.
- 2021: Launch of several plant-based meal replacement products.
- 2022: Significant investment in R&D for personalized nutrition solutions.
- 2023: Several mergers and acquisitions in the market.
- 2024: Growing adoption of sustainable packaging practices.
Strategic Outlook for South America Meal Replacement Products Market Market
The South America meal replacement market shows strong future potential, driven by evolving consumer preferences and technological advancements. Strategic partnerships, expansion into new market segments, and investment in product innovation are crucial for success. Adapting to regulatory changes and prioritizing sustainability will differentiate players in the competitive landscape. Continued focus on digital marketing strategies will amplify brand reach and market penetration, while addressing consumer concerns about health and safety will build trust and enhance adoption rates.
South America Meal Replacement Products Market Segmentation
-
1. Product Type
- 1.1. Ready-to-Drink Products
- 1.2. Nutritional Bars
- 1.3. Powdered Supplements
- 1.4. Others
-
2. Distribution Channel
- 2.1. Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
- 2.2. Online Stores
- 2.3. Convenience Stores
- 2.4. Specialty Stores
- 2.5. Others
-
3. Geography
- 3.1. Brazil
- 3.2. Argentina
- 3.3. Rest of South America
South America Meal Replacement Products Market Segmentation By Geography
- 1. Brazil
- 2. Argentina
- 3. Rest of South America

South America Meal Replacement Products Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 6.11% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Consumer Spending on Preventive Healthcare Products; Weight-loss Dietary Supplements Capturing the Market
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Escalating Functional Food Consumption; An Environment of Austere Regulations
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Nutritional Bars Continue to Dominate the Market Share
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. South America Meal Replacement Products Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 5.1.1. Ready-to-Drink Products
- 5.1.2. Nutritional Bars
- 5.1.3. Powdered Supplements
- 5.1.4. Others
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Distribution Channel
- 5.2.1. Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
- 5.2.2. Online Stores
- 5.2.3. Convenience Stores
- 5.2.4. Specialty Stores
- 5.2.5. Others
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 5.3.1. Brazil
- 5.3.2. Argentina
- 5.3.3. Rest of South America
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.4.1. Brazil
- 5.4.2. Argentina
- 5.4.3. Rest of South America
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 6. Brazil South America Meal Replacement Products Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 6.1.1. Ready-to-Drink Products
- 6.1.2. Nutritional Bars
- 6.1.3. Powdered Supplements
- 6.1.4. Others
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Distribution Channel
- 6.2.1. Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
- 6.2.2. Online Stores
- 6.2.3. Convenience Stores
- 6.2.4. Specialty Stores
- 6.2.5. Others
- 6.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 6.3.1. Brazil
- 6.3.2. Argentina
- 6.3.3. Rest of South America
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 7. Argentina South America Meal Replacement Products Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 7.1.1. Ready-to-Drink Products
- 7.1.2. Nutritional Bars
- 7.1.3. Powdered Supplements
- 7.1.4. Others
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Distribution Channel
- 7.2.1. Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
- 7.2.2. Online Stores
- 7.2.3. Convenience Stores
- 7.2.4. Specialty Stores
- 7.2.5. Others
- 7.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 7.3.1. Brazil
- 7.3.2. Argentina
- 7.3.3. Rest of South America
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 8. Rest of South America South America Meal Replacement Products Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 8.1.1. Ready-to-Drink Products
- 8.1.2. Nutritional Bars
- 8.1.3. Powdered Supplements
- 8.1.4. Others
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Distribution Channel
- 8.2.1. Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
- 8.2.2. Online Stores
- 8.2.3. Convenience Stores
- 8.2.4. Specialty Stores
- 8.2.5. Others
- 8.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 8.3.1. Brazil
- 8.3.2. Argentina
- 8.3.3. Rest of South America
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 9. Brazil South America Meal Replacement Products Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10. Argentina South America Meal Replacement Products Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11. Rest of South America South America Meal Replacement Products Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12. Competitive Analysis
- 12.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 12.2. Company Profiles
- 12.2.1 Herballife Nutrition
- 12.2.1.1. Overview
- 12.2.1.2. Products
- 12.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.2 Glanbia PLC
- 12.2.2.1. Overview
- 12.2.2.2. Products
- 12.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.3 Alpina SA
- 12.2.3.1. Overview
- 12.2.3.2. Products
- 12.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.4 Bob's Red Mill Natural Foods
- 12.2.4.1. Overview
- 12.2.4.2. Products
- 12.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.5 biO2 Organic Comercio de Alimentos Ltda
- 12.2.5.1. Overview
- 12.2.5.2. Products
- 12.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.6 Probiotica Supplements*List Not Exhaustive
- 12.2.6.1. Overview
- 12.2.6.2. Products
- 12.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.7 Quest Nutrition LLC
- 12.2.7.1. Overview
- 12.2.7.2. Products
- 12.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.8 Amway GmbH
- 12.2.8.1. Overview
- 12.2.8.2. Products
- 12.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.1 Herballife Nutrition
List of Figures
- Figure 1: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Distribution Channel 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Distribution Channel 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Brazil South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Brazil South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume (K Units) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Argentina South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Argentina South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume (K Units) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Rest of South America South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Rest of South America South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume (K Units) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Distribution Channel 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Distribution Channel 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Distribution Channel 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Distribution Channel 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Distribution Channel 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Distribution Channel 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: South America Meal Replacement Products Market Volume K Units Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the South America Meal Replacement Products Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 6.11%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the South America Meal Replacement Products Market?
Key companies in the market include Herballife Nutrition, Glanbia PLC, Alpina SA, Bob's Red Mill Natural Foods, biO2 Organic Comercio de Alimentos Ltda, Probiotica Supplements*List Not Exhaustive, Quest Nutrition LLC, Amway GmbH.
3. What are the main segments of the South America Meal Replacement Products Market?
The market segments include Product Type, Distribution Channel, Geography.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 25.02 Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Consumer Spending on Preventive Healthcare Products; Weight-loss Dietary Supplements Capturing the Market.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Nutritional Bars Continue to Dominate the Market Share.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Escalating Functional Food Consumption; An Environment of Austere Regulations.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
N/A
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in K Units.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "South America Meal Replacement Products Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the South America Meal Replacement Products Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the South America Meal Replacement Products Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the South America Meal Replacement Products Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence